diff --git a/crates/ld-server/src/participation.rs b/crates/ld-server/src/participation.rs
index 36b631f..9a16587 100644
--- a/crates/ld-server/src/participation.rs
+++ b/crates/ld-server/src/participation.rs
@@ -38,13 +38,15 @@ pub struct Measure {
 }
 
 /// The numbers of voters of the group's proposals voted on since `since`.
+/// Drafts and withdrawn proposals stay out: neither is shown, and votes on a
+/// withdrawn proposal can no longer be taken back.
 pub async fn sample(state: &AppState, group: &str, since: &str) -> sqlx::Result<Vec<u32>> {
     let rows: Vec<i64> = sqlx::query_scalar(
         "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM votes v
            JOIN proposals p ON p.id = v.proposal_id
            JOIN units u ON u.id = p.unit_id
            JOIN documents d ON d.id = u.doc_id
-          WHERE d.group_slug = ? AND p.status <> 'draft' AND v.revision = p.revision
+          WHERE d.group_slug = ? AND p.status NOT IN ('draft', 'withdrawn') AND v.revision = p.revision
           GROUP BY v.proposal_id
          HAVING MAX(v.cast_at) >= ?",
     )
diff --git a/crates/ld-server/tests/inertia.rs b/crates/ld-server/tests/inertia.rs
index 3904c68..2d627ff 100644
--- a/crates/ld-server/tests/inertia.rs
+++ b/crates/ld-server/tests/inertia.rs
@@ -274,6 +274,42 @@ async fn the_usual_participation_is_the_median_of_five_voted_proposals() {
     );
 }
 
+#[tokio::test]
+async fn a_withdrawn_proposal_leaves_the_usual_participation() {
+    // Relecture of a576b68: withdrawn proposals vanish from the document and their
+    // votes can no longer be taken back, so they must not weigh on the median.
+    let (mut first, state) = Client::new().await;
+    let mut people = Vec::new();
+    for name in ["W1", "W2", "W3", "W4"] {
+        let mut c = first.other();
+        c.login(name).await;
+        people.push(c);
+    }
+    first.login("W1").await;
+    let doc = first.doc("essai").await;
+    let open: Vec<String> = ["I2", "T1", "E4", "E5", "E6"]
+        .iter()
+        .map(|code| unit(&doc, code)["proposals"][0]["id"].as_str().expect("open").to_owned())
+        .collect();
+    for p in &open {
+        for c in people.iter_mut().take(2) {
+            c.vote(p, "against").await;
+        }
+    }
+    ld_server::participation::refresh(&state, true).await.expect("refresh");
+    let p = first.doc("essai").await["doc"]["participation"].clone();
+    assert_eq!((p["source"].as_str(), p["sample"].as_u64()), (Some("median"), Some(5)));
+
+    sqlx::query("UPDATE proposals SET status = 'withdrawn' WHERE id = ?")
+        .bind(&open[0])
+        .execute(&state.db)
+        .await
+        .expect("withdraw");
+    ld_server::participation::refresh(&state, true).await.expect("refresh");
+    let p = first.doc("essai").await["doc"]["participation"].clone();
+    assert_eq!((p["source"].as_str(), p["sample"].as_u64()), (Some("reference"), Some(4)));
+}
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // The base as production holds it on 2026-10-30, then the new version
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/docs/adr/0007-inertie-cinq-crans.md b/docs/adr/0007-inertie-cinq-crans.md
index 66ad7c2..1b5b3dd 100644
--- a/docs/adr/0007-inertie-cinq-crans.md
+++ b/docs/adr/0007-inertie-cinq-crans.md
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ s_k = M_k + (1 − M_k)·(1 − p̃^G_k)   ⇔   G_k = ln(1 − (s_k − M_k)/(1
 
 **La participation habituelle p̃** d'un groupe (`crates/ld-server/src/participation.rs`) :
 
-- l'échantillon : les propositions du groupe (tous ses documents, toutes sortes, brouillons
-  exceptés) qui portent au moins un vote sur leur révision actuelle, le dernier exprimé depuis
+- l'échantillon : les propositions du groupe (tous ses documents, toutes sortes, brouillons et
+  propositions retirées exceptés) qui portent au moins un vote sur leur révision actuelle, le dernier exprimé depuis
   moins de 365 jours ;
 - T de chacune est compté **au moment de la mesure** : c'est le T que voit la formule, le vote
   étant permanent ;
@@ -65,7 +65,10 @@ s_k = M_k + (1 − M_k)·(1 − p̃^G_k)   ⇔   G_k = ln(1 − (s_k − M_k)/(1
 
 La borne basse limite aussi l'effet de propositions à une voix multipliées pour faire baisser
 la médiane (une médiane basse adoucit les seuils au-dessus d'elle) : à 1 % près, l'effet est
-borné, et il faudrait plus de propositions de ce genre que de vraies.
+borné, et il faudrait plus de propositions de ce genre que de vraies. Les propositions retirées
+sortent de l'échantillon (relecture de `a576b68`, 2026-10-30) : sinon, créer cinq propositions, y
+voter puis les retirer tirerait la médiane vers le bas sans laisser de trace visible, et leurs
+votes ne pourraient plus être repris.
 
 **Le recalcul : une fois par jour.** La mesure est gardée dans `settings`
 (`participation:<groupe>` : médiane, taille de l'échantillon, date) ; elle est reprise au
diff --git a/web/src/lib/components/FormulaSettings.svelte b/web/src/lib/components/FormulaSettings.svelte
index 178c713..ddcd9bc 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/components/FormulaSettings.svelte
+++ b/web/src/lib/components/FormulaSettings.svelte
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
   import { api } from '$lib/api';
   import type { DocState } from '$lib/doc.svelte';
   import { i18n, t } from '$lib/i18n/index.svelte';
+  import { usualShown } from '$lib/participation';
   import type { Inertia, LevelInfo } from '$lib/types';
 
   let { doc, proposalId = null }: { doc: DocState; proposalId?: string | null } = $props();
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@
 
   const view = $derived(doc.view);
   const p = $derived(view?.doc.participation);
+  const shown = $derived(p && view ? usualShown(p, view.doc.electorate, view.doc.voteFloor) : null);
   const levels = $derived(version?.levels ?? view?.levels ?? []);
   const cast = $derived(levels[0]?.cast ?? 0);
   const current = $derived(version?.proposal.votedAtInertia ?? null);
@@ -56,12 +58,12 @@
       <h4>{t('settings.usual')}</h4>
       <p>
         {#if p.source === 'median'}
-          {i18n.plural('settings.usual.median', p.voters, { electorate: i18n.number(view.doc.electorate), pct: pct(p.ratio), sample: p.sample })}
+          {i18n.plural('settings.usual.median', shown?.voters ?? p.voters, { electorate: i18n.number(view.doc.electorate), pct: pct(shown?.ratio ?? p.ratio), sample: p.sample })}
         {:else}
-          {i18n.plural('settings.usual.reference', p.voters, { electorate: i18n.number(view.doc.electorate), pct: pct(p.ratio), min: p.minSample, sample: p.sample })}
+          {i18n.plural('settings.usual.reference', shown?.voters ?? p.voters, { electorate: i18n.number(view.doc.electorate), pct: pct(shown?.ratio ?? p.ratio), min: p.minSample, sample: p.sample })}
         {/if}
       </p>
-      {#if p.bounded}<p class="faint small">{t('settings.usual.bounded', { lo: pct(p.bounds[0]), hi: pct(p.bounds[1]) })}</p>{/if}
+      {#if p.bounded}<p class="faint small">{i18n.plural('settings.usual.bounded', p.voters, { lo: pct(p.bounds[0]), hi: pct(p.bounds[1]), pct: pct(p.ratio) })}</p>{/if}
       <p class="faint small">{p.measuredAt ? t('settings.usual.when', { date: i18n.date(p.measuredAt) }) : t('settings.usual.never')}</p>
     </div>
 
diff --git a/web/src/lib/i18n/en.ts b/web/src/lib/i18n/en.ts
index c4a8e1f..2a41b52 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/i18n/en.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/i18n/en.ts
@@ -232,7 +232,8 @@ export const en: Messages = {
   'settings.usual.median.other': '{n} voters out of {electorate} ({pct}): the median of the {sample} proposals voted on over the past year.',
   'settings.usual.reference.one': '{n} voter out of {electorate} ({pct}), twice C: the reference turnout, until the group has voted on {min} proposals ({sample} so far).',
   'settings.usual.reference.other': '{n} voters out of {electorate} ({pct}), twice C: the reference turnout, until the group has voted on {min} proposals ({sample} so far).',
-  'settings.usual.bounded': 'Kept between {lo} and {hi} of the electorate.',
+  'settings.usual.bounded.one': 'Kept between {lo} and {hi} of the electorate: thresholds are worked out on {n} voter ({pct}).',
+  'settings.usual.bounded.other': 'Kept between {lo} and {hi} of the electorate: thresholds are worked out on {n} voters ({pct}).',
   'settings.usual.when': 'Measured once a day, last on {date}.',
   'settings.usual.never': 'Measured once a day.',
   'settings.levels': 'The five levels',
diff --git a/web/src/lib/i18n/es.ts b/web/src/lib/i18n/es.ts
index 717aeeb..4171450 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/i18n/es.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/i18n/es.ts
@@ -232,7 +232,8 @@ export const es: Messages = {
   'settings.usual.median.other': '{n} votantes de {electorate} ({pct}): la mediana de las {sample} propuestas votadas en el último año.',
   'settings.usual.reference.one': '{n} votante de {electorate} ({pct}), dos veces C: la participación de referencia, hasta que el grupo haya votado {min} propuestas ({sample} por ahora).',
   'settings.usual.reference.other': '{n} votantes de {electorate} ({pct}), dos veces C: la participación de referencia, hasta que el grupo haya votado {min} propuestas ({sample} por ahora).',
-  'settings.usual.bounded': 'Mantenida entre el {lo} y el {hi} del electorado.',
+  'settings.usual.bounded.one': 'Mantenida entre el {lo} y el {hi} del electorado: los umbrales se calculan sobre {n} votante ({pct}).',
+  'settings.usual.bounded.other': 'Mantenida entre el {lo} y el {hi} del electorado: los umbrales se calculan sobre {n} votantes ({pct}).',
   'settings.usual.when': 'Medida una vez al día, la última el {date}.',
   'settings.usual.never': 'Medida una vez al día.',
   'settings.levels': 'Los cinco niveles',
diff --git a/web/src/lib/i18n/fr.ts b/web/src/lib/i18n/fr.ts
index f8d87d3..d6b382f 100644
--- a/web/src/lib/i18n/fr.ts
+++ b/web/src/lib/i18n/fr.ts
@@ -235,7 +235,8 @@ export const fr = {
   'settings.usual.median.other': '{n} votants sur {electorate} ({pct}) : la médiane des {sample} propositions votées depuis un an.',
   'settings.usual.reference.one': "{n} votant sur {electorate} ({pct}), deux fois C : la participation de référence, tant que le groupe n'a pas voté sur {min} propositions ({sample} pour l'instant).",
   'settings.usual.reference.other': "{n} votants sur {electorate} ({pct}), deux fois C : la participation de référence, tant que le groupe n'a pas voté sur {min} propositions ({sample} pour l'instant).",
-  'settings.usual.bounded': "Ramenée entre {lo} et {hi} de l'électorat.",
+  'settings.usual.bounded.one': "Ramenée entre {lo} et {hi} de l'électorat : les seuils se calculent sur {n} votant ({pct}).",
+  'settings.usual.bounded.other': "Ramenée entre {lo} et {hi} de l'électorat : les seuils se calculent sur {n} votants ({pct}).",
   'settings.usual.when': 'Mesurée une fois par jour, la dernière fois le {date}.',
   'settings.usual.never': 'Mesurée une fois par jour.',
   'settings.levels': 'Les cinq crans',
diff --git a/web/src/lib/participation.ts b/web/src/lib/participation.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..289dbe9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/src/lib/participation.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+import type { ParticipationInfo } from './types';
+
+/**
+ * The usual participation as the settings tell it: the measured median, or the
+ * reference (twice C). When the scale brings it back within its bounds, the
+ * bounded value is what the formula uses, and is said apart.
+ */
+export function usualShown(p: ParticipationInfo, electorate: number, floor: number): { voters: number; ratio: number } {
+  if (!p.bounded || electorate <= 0) return { voters: p.voters, ratio: p.ratio };
+  const voters = p.source === 'median' && p.median !== null ? Math.round(p.median) : Math.round(2 * floor);
+  return { voters, ratio: voters / electorate };
+}
diff --git a/web/tests/unit/participation.test.ts b/web/tests/unit/participation.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..373c88f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/web/tests/unit/participation.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// What the formula settings say about the usual participation (relecture of a576b68):
+// the measured median, or twice C, even when the scale brings it back within its bounds.
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest';
+import { usualShown } from '../../src/lib/participation';
+import type { ParticipationInfo } from '../../src/lib/types';
+
+const base: ParticipationInfo = {
+  ratio: 0.3,
+  source: 'median',
+  sample: 5,
+  median: 3,
+  bounded: false,
+  voters: 3,
+  minSample: 5,
+  windowDays: 365,
+  everyHours: 24,
+  bounds: [0.01, 0.5],
+  measuredAt: null,
+};
+
+describe('usual participation as shown', () => {
+  it('is the scale itself when nothing was bounded', () => {
+    expect(usualShown(base, 10, 1)).toEqual({ voters: 3, ratio: 0.3 });
+  });
+  it('is the real median when the scale raised it to its floor', () => {
+    const p = { ...base, median: 1, ratio: 0.01, voters: 57, bounded: true };
+    expect(usualShown(p, 5745, 50)).toEqual({ voters: 1, ratio: 1 / 5745 });
+  });
+  it('is twice C for the reference, even when the scale lowered it to its ceiling', () => {
+    const p = { ...base, source: 'reference' as const, median: null, sample: 0, ratio: 0.5, voters: 1, bounded: true };
+    expect(usualShown(p, 2, 1)).toEqual({ voters: 2, ratio: 1 });
+  });
+  it('rounds a median between two numbers of voters', () => {
+    const p = { ...base, median: 2.5, ratio: 0.01, voters: 57, bounded: true };
+    expect(usualShown(p, 5745, 50).voters).toBe(3);
+  });
+});